Analysis: A Burial at Ornans by Gustave Courbet

Today, Museum TV takes a look back at the most famous funeral in the history of art. A monumental work by Gustave Courbet: "A Burial at Ornans".

A masterpiece of realism

Between 1849 and 1850, Gustave Courbet painted a scene depicting the people of Ornans at a local man's funeral. The remarkable aspect of this painting is its striking realism where the people are portrayed in a straightforward manner as they undergo the painful process of mourning. The figures exhibit an almost raw realism where the entire village is gathered, lined up in front of the open grave that awaits the deceased.

An iconic figure of the Realism movement, Courbet defied traditional aesthetic conventions. Indeed, he portrayed ordinary individuals without idealization in a mundane everyday scene. During the mid-19th century, death was typically depicted through allegorical or religious symbolism. However, Courbet chose to depict it in a more straightforward manner, focusing on the realities of life and the common people.

Furthermore, the use of muted grey tones enhances the somber atmosphere of the scene. It is worth noting the facial expressions of the figures. They appear closed-off and sorrowful, with none of them looking upwards. As a result, the painting exudes a remarkably dark and disconcertingly realistic quality.

Critical reviews

The absence of heroism and the portrayal of the working class indeed caused a stir among the critics of that era. The inclusion of "ordinary people" in Courbet's works, depicting individuals without notable social status, as well as the depiction of a "vulgar" village scene, did not sit well with the critics.

No matter, the painting would go on to become one of the most important of the realist movement!

Would you like to learn more about "A Burial at Ornans" by Gustave Courbet? Visit our streaming platform to explore our episode of My Little Museum dedicated to this artwork.