{"id":225868,"date":"2025-05-30T18:04:37","date_gmt":"2025-05-30T18:04:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/artnews\/articles\/"},"modified":"2025-06-25T12:18:48","modified_gmt":"2025-06-25T12:18:48","slug":"tribute-to-rubens-385th-anniversary-of-his-death-on-may-30","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/en\/artnews\/artistes\/tribute-to-rubens-385th-anniversary-of-his-death-on-may-30\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribute to Rubens &#8211; 385th Anniversary of His Death on May 30"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW152387744 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW152387744 BCX8\">Peter Paul Rubens was born on June 28, 1577, in Siegen, Westphalia, and died on May 30, 1640, in Antwerp. Born into a wealthy Protestant family, the young Rubens pursued prestigious studies that initially destined him to become a lawyer. He <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW152387744 BCX8\">ultimately chose<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW152387744 BCX8\"> to pursue a career in painting. His father, Jan Rubens (1530-1587), was himself a lawyer, while his mother, Maria <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW152387744 BCX8\">Pypelinckx<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW152387744 BCX8\"> (1537-1608), was the daughter of a tapestry merchant.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW152387744 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"192\" height=\"251\" src=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-225846\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW184146725 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW184146725 BCX8\">Peter Paul Rubens, <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW184146725 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW184146725 BCX8\">Self-Portrait<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW184146725 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW184146725 BCX8\">, 1639, oil on canvas, 85 x 109.5 cm, Vienna, <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SpellingErrorHighlight SCXW184146725 BCX8\">Kunsthistorisches<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW184146725 BCX8\"> Museum<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW184146725 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:2,&quot;335551620&quot;:2}\"> <\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Peter Paul Rubens grew up in the context of the Counter-Reformation. His Protestant parents were forced to take refuge near Cologne and convert to Christianity to escape persecution in the Spanish Netherlands.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW52357349 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW52357349 BCX8\">The Counter-Reformation<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p>The Counter-Reformation, or Catholic Reformation, was a reaction to the Protestant Reformation. <\/p>\n\n<p>The Protestant Reformation was initiated in the early 16th century by Martin Luther and then John Calvin. The Roman Catholic Church was under pressure at the time. Luther and Calvin criticized the excesses of the Catholic Church, particularly with regard to its overly rich artistic heritage. In the Protestant countries, the seven Northern United Provinces (Holland, Zeeland, Gelderland, Utrecht, Friesland, Overijssel, and Groningen), the decorations were simple and understated. In his 95 Theses, published in 1517, Martin Luther rejected the cult of images and relics. He also protested against the trade in indulgences, in which pilgrims paid for &#8220;a ticket to paradise.&#8221; During this period, Europe witnessed the destruction of sacred images, especially holy images. In Protestantism, the cult of saints was considered an obstacle to a direct relationship with God. <\/p>\n\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW66775222 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW66775222 BCX8\">This had an impact on the subjects and artistic patronage. The preferred genres following the Protestant Reformation were portraiture, landscape, historical and mythological scenes, still <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW66775222 BCX8\">lifes<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW66775222 BCX8\">, animal paintings, and especially genre scenes, for which painters such as Vermeer, Rembrandt, and Frans Hals are particularly renowned.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW66775222 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"266\" height=\"298\" src=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-225847\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW34192020 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW34192020 BCX8\">Johannes Vermeer, <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW34192020 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW34192020 BCX8\">The Geographer<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW34192020 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW34192020 BCX8\">, c. 1668-1669, oil on canvas, 51.6 x 45.4 cm, Germany, Frankfurt am Main, <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW34192020 BCX8\">St\u00e4delsches<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW34192020 BCX8\">Kunstinstitut<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW34192020 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:2,&quot;335551620&quot;:2}\"> <\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<p>Thus, the Counter-Reformation was led by the Roman Church. The latter implemented a theological response. It conceived missionary orders and inquisitions with the aim of evangelizing new and distant territories such as China, Japan, and North America. In 1542, the Inquisitional Tribunal, or the Holy Office (burning of heretics), was reestablished. The Index Librorum Prohibitorum (list of prohibited works) was created in 1559. <\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"168\" height=\"259\" src=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-225848\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n<p>In order to restore the authority of the Catholic Church, the Council of Trent was established between 1545 and 1563. It contained 15 sessions, the last of which, in 1563, was dedicated to the question of images. A creative frenzy was born from the Counter-Reformation. Religious images then took on two functions: to move the faithful through figures of martyrs, the passions of the soul, and also to educate the faithful about the history of the Catholic Church. <\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"265\" height=\"230\" src=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-225849\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW88059258 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW88059258 BCX8\">Peter Paul Rubens, The Martyrdom of Saint Stephen (central panel of the triptych), 1616-1617, oil on canvas, Valenciennes, Museum of Fine Arts<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW88059258 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:2,&quot;335551620&quot;:2}\"> <\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<p>Rubens was part of this post-Tridentine wave of limited creations. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW69835090 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW69835090 BCX8\">Training and Influences<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW69835090 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1}\"> <\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW73821372 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW73821372 BCX8\">Peter Paul Rubens began his apprenticeship in the studio of <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2Themed SCXW73821372 BCX8\">the landscape<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW73821372 BCX8\"> painter Tobias <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW73821372 BCX8\">Verhaecht<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW73821372 BCX8\"> in 1591. In 1592, he entered the supervision of the portraitist Adam van Noot.<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW73821372 BCX8\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW73821372 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n\n<p>The painter was already tackling epic and religious themes. In 1598, he enrolled as a master in the Guild of Saint Luke in Antwerp to benefit from the privileges this guild offered.  <\/p>\n\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW56400599 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW56400599 BCX8\">Eager to study the Italian masterpieces of great masters such as Michelangelo, Buonarroti, Raphael Sanzio, Titian, Tintoretto, and Veronese. He traveled to Venice, Rome, and Mantua, where he settled. In Mantua, he <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun AdvancedProofingIssueV2Themed SCXW56400599 BCX8\">came into contact with<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW56400599 BCX8\"> Duke Vincenzo I Gonzaga, for whom he entered the service and spent most of his time in Italy there. This was the beginning of his life as a courtesan.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW56400599 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"306\" height=\"262\" src=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-225850 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-4.png 306w, https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-4-300x257.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 306px) 100vw, 306px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>In the lower left corner of the panel, the portraits of Vincenzo and William Gonzaga are depicted. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW188742856 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW188742856 BCX8\">Peter Paul Rubens, <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW188742856 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW188742856 BCX8\">The Gonzaga Family Adoring the Trinity<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW188742856 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW188742856 BCX8\">, c. 1604-1605, oil on canvas, 384 x 481 cm, Mantua, Ducal Palace<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW188742856 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:2,&quot;335551620&quot;:2}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The study of ancient works and Italian masters changed his style and way of working.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1}\"> <\/span>&#13;\n&#13;\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">In 1608, he returned permanently to Antwerp and opened a prosperous studio. He was appointed painter to Archduke Albert of Habsburg, Governor of Flanders, and to his wife Isabella Clara Eugenie in 1609. Rubens then became one of his most influential diplomatic advisors.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery aligncenter has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"520\" height=\"331\" data-id=\"225853\" src=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/albert-dautriche.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-225853\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/albert-dautriche.png 520w, https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/albert-dautriche-300x191.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW261589496 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW261589496 BCX8\">Peter Paul Rubens, <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW261589496 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW261589496 BCX8\">Brueghel the Elder<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW261589496 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW261589496 BCX8\">, Archduke Albert of Austria, c. 1615, oil on canvas, 177.5 x 113.5 cm, Madrid, Prado Museum<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW261589496 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:2,&quot;335551620&quot;:2}\"> <\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"502\" height=\"322\" data-id=\"225854\" src=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/infante-isabel-.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-225854\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/infante-isabel-.png 502w, https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/infante-isabel--300x192.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 502px) 100vw, 502px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:2,&quot;335551620&quot;:2}\"> <\/span>&#13;\n&#13;\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">Peter Paul Rubens, <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Brueghel the Elder, The Infanta Isabel Clara Eugenia<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, c. 1615, oil on canvas, 175.8 x 113 cm, Madrid, Museo del Prado<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:2,&quot;335551620&quot;:2}\"> <\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW58102129 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW58102129 BCX8\">Style and Technique<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW58102129 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1}\"> <\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW263087323 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW263087323 BCX8\">Rubens quickly <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW263087323 BCX8\">established<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW263087323 BCX8\"> himself as one of the most renowned artists in Europe. He developed a successful method for widely <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW263087323 BCX8\">disseminating<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW263087323 BCX8\"> his works. He used engraving to reproduce his creations. Under his guidance, a school of engravers was formed. His collective then consisted of burinists, etchers, and wood engravers.<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW263087323 BCX8\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW263087323 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">The burinist uses a burin, a sharp tool to incise motifs into the material being worked. The etcher usually works on copper but can also use other media. He uses aqua fortis, a nitric acid that attacks copper. <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"366\" height=\"466\" data-id=\"225855\" src=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/st-lazare-peinture.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-225855\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/st-lazare-peinture.png 366w, https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/st-lazare-peinture-236x300.png 236w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 366px) 100vw, 366px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW133478614 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW133478614 BCX8\">Peter Paul Rubens, <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW133478614 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW133478614 BCX8\">The Raising of Lazarus<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW133478614 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW133478614 BCX8\">, c. 1620, oil on wood, 37 x 28 cm, Paris, Louvre Museum<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW133478614 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:2,&quot;335551620&quot;:2}\"> <\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"377\" height=\"479\" data-id=\"225856\" src=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/st-lazare-gravure.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-225856\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/st-lazare-gravure.png 377w, https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/st-lazare-gravure-236x300.png 236w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 377px) 100vw, 377px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW219930493 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW219930493 BCX8\">The Resurrection of Lazarus, based on the engraving by <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW219930493 BCX8\">Bo\u00ebce<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW219930493 BCX8\"> a <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW219930493 BCX8\">Bolswert<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW219930493 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:2,&quot;335551620&quot;:2,&quot;335559731&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n<p>His Italian experience gave rise to a significant contrast between light and shadow, accompanied by a striking theatricality. Inspired by Michelangelo, he depicted muscular and imposing bodies, as seen in the Sistine Chapel. In the 1610s, his style evolved toward lighter, more vivid colors. His figures reflect his study of ancient works, and their spatial arrangement becomes more balanced. Rubens is considered a pioneer of Baroque art, notably for his spatial conception but also for his application of sparkling light. <\/p>\n\n<p>To make his figures appear more authentic, the painter often worked from a live model, as was customary in Antwerp. <\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"181\" height=\"293\" src=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-225857\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW41796851 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW41796851 BCX8\">Peter Paul Rubens,<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW41796851 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW41796851 BCX8\"> The Annunciation<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW41796851 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW41796851 BCX8\">, c. 1610, oil on canvas, 310 x 179 cm, Belgium, Antwerp, <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW41796851 BCX8\">Rubenshuis<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW41796851 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:2,&quot;335551620&quot;:2}\"> <\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW94383383 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW94383383 BCX8\">A Diplomatic Artist<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW94383383 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1}\"> <\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p>Rubens moved in aristocratic circles and officiated at numerous European courts. In Italy with the Duke of Gonzaga, then in France, England, Spain, and Austria.  <\/p>\n\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW8398905 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8398905 BCX8\">In 1622, Marie de&#8217; Medici, widow of King Henry IV, commissioned the <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW8398905 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8398905 BCX8\">Marie de&#8217; Medici Cycle<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW8398905 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8398905 BCX8\"> to decorate the Galerie M\u00e9dicis at the Luxembourg Palace. The master completed the 24 works that <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8398905 BCX8\">comprise<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8398905 BCX8\"> it in just four years. This work was inaugurated <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun AdvancedProofingIssueV2Themed SCXW8398905 BCX8\">on the occasion of<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8398905 BCX8\"> the marriage of Charles I of England with Henrietta Maria of France, daughter of Marie de&#8217; Medici, in the West Gallery of the Luxembourg Palace on May 11, 1625.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW8398905 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"302\" height=\"400\" data-id=\"225858\" src=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/majorite-de-louis-XIII.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-225858\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/majorite-de-louis-XIII.png 302w, https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/majorite-de-louis-XIII-227x300.png 227w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 302px) 100vw, 302px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW37690089 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW37690089 BCX8\">Peter Paul Rubens, <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW37690089 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW37690089 BCX8\">The Coming of Age of Louis XIII. The Queen Hands Over Affairs to the King, October 20, 1614<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW37690089 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW37690089 BCX8\">, 1600-1625, oil on canvas, 295 x 394 cm, Paris, Louvre Museum<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW37690089 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:2,&quot;335551620&quot;:2}\"> <\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"491\" height=\"414\" data-id=\"225859\" src=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/lusembourg-medicis.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-225859\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/lusembourg-medicis.png 491w, https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/lusembourg-medicis-300x253.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 491px) 100vw, 491px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Reconstruction of the Galerie M\u00e9dicis, Luxembourg Palace, at the Louvre <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n<p>He then painted portraits of Marie de&#8217; Medici and Anne of Austria, wife of Louis XIII, Marie de&#8217; Medici&#8217;s son with King Henry IV. Both women are depicted in the same composition, dressed in black with a white ruff, with an impassive expression. <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-4 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"335\" height=\"406\" data-id=\"225860\" src=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/P.-marie-de-medicis.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-225860\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/P.-marie-de-medicis.png 335w, https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/P.-marie-de-medicis-248x300.png 248w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 335px) 100vw, 335px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW92924233 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW92924233 BCX8\">Peter Paul Rubens,<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW92924233 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW92924233 BCX8\"> Portrait of Marie de&#8217; Medici<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW92924233 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW92924233 BCX8\">, ca. 1622, Madrid, Prado Museum<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW92924233 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:2,&quot;335551620&quot;:2,&quot;335559731&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"325\" height=\"393\" data-id=\"225861\" src=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/P.-anne-dautriche.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-225861\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/P.-anne-dautriche.png 325w, https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/P.-anne-dautriche-248x300.png 248w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 325px) 100vw, 325px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW228356436 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW228356436 BCX8\">Peter Paul Rubens, <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW228356436 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW228356436 BCX8\">Portrait of Anne of Austria,<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW228356436 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW228356436 BCX8\"> ca. 1622, Madrid, Museo del Prado<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW228356436 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:2,&quot;335551620&quot;:2,&quot;335559731&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n<p>At the request of the Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenie, Rubens traveled to Madrid in 1628 for a diplomatic mission. His ambition was to restore peace between the United Provinces and the Spanish Netherlands. He frequented the famous painter Vel\u00e1zquez and painted numerous portraits for Philip IV of Spain. Following this, Rubens received a series of honorary titles. In 1629, the painter was appointed Secretary of the Council of Flanders by Philip IV of Spain. Then, upon the proclamation of peace between England and Spain on December 15, 1630, Peter Paul Rubens was knighted by Charles I of England, and the following year, he was knighted by Philip IV of Spain. <\/p>\n\n<p>This period was also marked by the success of his private life, as a widower since 1626, the artist remarried in 1630 with the young H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Fourment. <\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"223\" height=\"264\" src=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-225862\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW253740824 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW253740824 BCX8\">Anthony van Dyck, <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW253740824 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW253740824 BCX8\">Charles <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW253740824 BCX8\">I<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW253740824 BCX8\"> and his wife Henrietta Maria with their two eldest children, Prince Charles and Princess Mary<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW253740824 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW253740824 BCX8\">, 1632, oil on canvas, 303.8 x 256.5 cm, United Kingdom, Royal Collection<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW253740824 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:2,&quot;335551620&quot;:2,&quot;335559731&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW121900890 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW121900890 BCX8\">From Craftsman to Artist<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW121900890 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559731&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW199241775 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW199241775 BCX8\">Peter Paul Rubens succumbed to chronic gout on May 30, 1640, 385 years ago. He died in wealth and recognition. He was the most prolific of the Flemish painters, so much so that it is almost impossible to know the exact number of paintings, engravings, and drawings produced in his studio or by his own hand. One of his most famous students was Anthony van Dyck.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW199241775 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559731&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"202\" height=\"261\" src=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-9.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-225863\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW243548638 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW243548638 BCX8\">Anthony van Dyck, <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW243548638 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW243548638 BCX8\">Charles I, King of England (1600-1649) Hunting<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW243548638 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW243548638 BCX8\">, 1625-1650, oil on canvas, 207 x 266 cm, Paris, Louvre Museum<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW243548638 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:2,&quot;335551620&quot;:2,&quot;335559731&quot;:0}\"> <\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<p>Rubens embodies the contemporary movement toward recognition as an artist, not as a craftsman. In France, this movement flourished with the creation of the Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture in 1648 and the transition to the status of Acad\u00e9mie de la Corporation de Saint Luc in 1649, at the initiative of Simon Vouet (1590-1649).  <\/p>\n\n<p>A large portion of Rubens&#8217;s works were listed in the Catalogues Raisonn\u00e9s of John Smith and Voorhelm Schneevoogt. The apprenticeship and productions of the great Flemish master inspired many renowned painters such as Watteau and Delacroix and continue to inspire art lovers. <\/p>\n\n<p>Want to find out more about Rubens? Watch our various documentary series on these themes on Museum TV and whenever you want, wherever you want, on our video-on-demand platform my.museumtv.art.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Peter Paul Rubens was born on June 28, 1577, in Siegen, Westphalia, and died on May 30, 1640, in Antwerp. Born into a wealthy Protestant family, the young Rubens pursued prestigious studies that initially destined him to become a lawyer. He ultimately chose to pursue a career in painting. His father, Jan Rubens (1530-1587), was [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":104,"featured_media":225867,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1938],"tags":[2424,2380,2539],"group":[547],"support":[1936],"class_list":["post-225868","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-museum-tv-en","tag-museumtv-en","tag-peinture-en","group-portraits","support-peintre"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Tribute to Rubens - 385th Anniversary of His Death on May 30 - Museum TV<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Rubens was one of Europe&#039;s most renowned artists. 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