{"id":225722,"date":"2025-05-20T15:39:35","date_gmt":"2025-05-20T15:39:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/artnews\/articles\/"},"modified":"2025-05-22T10:10:44","modified_gmt":"2025-05-22T10:10:44","slug":"tribute-to-robert-indiana","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/en\/artnews\/artistes\/tribute-to-robert-indiana\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribute to Robert Indiana"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>7 years after his death, Museum TV revisits the work of Robert Indiana, internationally renowned for his sculpture \u201cLove\u201d, whose location has become a must-see New York tourist attraction for all lovers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:33% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"306\" height=\"383\" src=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Robert-Indiana-1.png\" alt=\"Robert Indiana sitting in his studio Vinalhaven Maine\" class=\"wp-image-225712 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Robert-Indiana-1.png 306w, https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Robert-Indiana-1-240x300.png 240w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 306px) 100vw, 306px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Robert Clark, known as Robert Indiana, was born on September 13, 1928, in New Castle, Indiana. This artist, considered a leader of the Pop Art movement, is also associated with the Hard Edge painting movement. He used a variety of techniques and materials to best convey his message. In 1942, he enrolled at Arsenal Technical High School before spending three years in the U.S. Army. He then continued his artistic training at the Art Institute of Chicago, the Skowhegan School of Sculpture and Painting, and the Edinburgh College of Art in Scotland. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em><sup>Robert Indiana in his studio, Vinalhaven, Maine. Photograph : Dennis and Diana Griggs<\/sup><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW187811198 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW187811198 BCX8\">An overview of the Pop Art and Hard-Edge Painting movements<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW187811198 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">POP ART<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"429\" height=\"429\" src=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Andy-Warhol-1.png\" alt=\"The Shot Marilyns red, turquoi, blue and orange by andy warhol\r\n\" class=\"wp-image-225713\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Andy-Warhol-1.png 429w, https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Andy-Warhol-1-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Andy-Warhol-1-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 429px) 100vw, 429px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW172859058 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW172859058 BCX8\">Andy Warhol, <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW172859058 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW172859058 BCX8\">The Shot Marilyns, red, turquoise, orange, sage blue<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW172859058 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW172859058 BCX8\">, 1964, silkscreen ink on synthetic polymer paint on four panels, 200 x 200 cm, private collections<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW172859058 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:2,&quot;335551620&quot;:2,&quot;335559731&quot;:708}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW26361694 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW26361694 BCX8\">This movement first developed in Great Britain between 1947 and 1969, before taking hold in the United States in the 1960s. It is <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW26361694 BCX8\">characterized<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW26361694 BCX8\">by <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW26361694 BCX8\">using everyday images, mass culture, and consumer society. This style is marked <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW26361694 BCX8\">by <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW26361694 BCX8\">using bright colors, particularly primary colors. <a href=\"https:\/\/my.museumtv.art\/content\/andy-warhol-fluorescent\">Andy Warhol<\/a> (1928-1987) is also a key figure in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.grandpalais.fr\/fr\/magazine\/le-pop-art#:~:text=Entre%201962%20et%201969%20:%20les,de%20la%20soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20de%20consommation\">Pop Art<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW26361694 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559731&quot;:708}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">HARD-EDGE<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"366\" height=\"368\" src=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Helen-Lundeberg.png\" alt=\"Dunes jaunes du d\u00e9sert par Helen Lundeberg\r\n\" class=\"wp-image-225714\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Helen-Lundeberg.png 366w, https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Helen-Lundeberg-298x300.png 298w, https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Helen-Lundeberg-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 366px) 100vw, 366px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Helen Lundeberg, <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Desert Hills<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, 1967, acrylic on canvas, 101.6 x 101.6 cm<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:2,&quot;335551620&quot;:2,&quot;335559731&quot;:0}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The term \u201cHard-Edge painting\u201d was coined in 1959 by critic Jules Langsner. It illustrates the impersonal approach to paint application in the abstraction of American West Coast painters. Hard-edge painting is characterized by its sharp contours and monochrome fields of color. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW101250495 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW101250495 BCX8\">Building an Artistic Identity<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW101250495 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559731&quot;:0}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW137913477 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137913477 BCX8\">His move to New York in 1956, and more specifically his encounter with Ellsworth Kelly. Under her influence, Indiana moved to Coenties Slip where he joined the local artist community, including Ellsworth Kelly, Agnes Martin, James Rosenquist, and Jack Youngerman. This milieu <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137913477 BCX8\">greatly influenced<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137913477 BCX8\"> Robert Indiana&#8217;s art. Inspired by his surroundings in Coenties Slip, such as Jeannette Park with its ginkgo trees, Indiana created a gigantic mural made from 44 sheets of paper called <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW137913477 BCX8\">Stavrosis<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137913477 BCX8\">. This name is a Greek term meaning &#8220;crucifixion&#8221;<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137913477 BCX8\">.<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137913477 BCX8\"> Christian themes were not foreign to the artist, and he revisited them quite <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137913477 BCX8\">frequently<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137913477 BCX8\">. He also produced <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW137913477 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW137913477 BCX8\">Stavrosis<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW137913477 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137913477 BCX8\"> in 1958, when he was working for the Reverend James A. Pike at the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine, where he <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137913477 BCX8\">was responsible for<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137913477 BCX8\"> rereading <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW137913477 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137913477 BCX8\">The History of the Cross by Norman <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW137913477 BCX8\">Lalibert\u00e9<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137913477 BCX8\"> and Edward N. West.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW137913477 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559731&quot;:0}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"727\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Stavrosis.png\" alt=\"Formes grises sur fond blanc par Robert Indiana\" class=\"wp-image-225715\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Stavrosis.png 727w, https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Stavrosis-300x132.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 727px) 100vw, 727px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW2180483 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW2180483 BCX8\">Robert Indiana, <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW2180483 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW2180483 BCX8\">Stavrosis<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW2180483 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW2180483 BCX8\">, 1958, ink on paper mounted on wood, 252.1 cm x 582.3 cm, Maine, Vinalhaven, Star of Hope Foundation<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW2180483 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:2,&quot;335551620&quot;:2,&quot;335559731&quot;:0}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>After completing this work, Robert Clark changed his name to Robert Indiana. He explains: \u201cIt came at a psychological moment when, after struggling during my studies for my own artistic identity, not my primary identity, things were beginning to take shape. I felt something was going to happen soon, and I didn&#8217;t want something good to happen with the weight of a name I didn&#8217;t like.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW63792127 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW63792127 BCX8\">Key Work<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW63792127 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559731&quot;:0}\"> : Love&nbsp;<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW23232848 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW23232848 BCX8\">Robert Indiana&#8217;s artistic creation, including his iconic work, LOVE.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW23232848 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559731&quot;:0}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW183182329 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW183182329 BCX8\">First produced as a print for the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.moma.org\/collection\/works\/68726\">Museum of Modern Art<\/a> (MoMA)&#8217;s 1964 commission to create a Christmas card for its holiday card almanac.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW183182329 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559731&quot;:0}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"397\" height=\"406\" data-id=\"225719\" src=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/love-500-1.png\" alt=\"Love en 3d blue and red by Robert Indiana\" class=\"wp-image-225719\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/love-500-1.png 397w, https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/love-500-1-293x300.png 293w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 397px) 100vw, 397px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW62755040 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW62755040 BCX8\">Robert Indiana,<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW62755040 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW62755040 BCX8\"> LOVE,<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW62755040 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW62755040 BCX8\"> mixed media, 7 x 15 x 15 cm, 500 copies<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW62755040 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:2,&quot;335551620&quot;:2,&quot;335559731&quot;:0}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"325\" height=\"325\" data-id=\"225720\" src=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Love-1967-1.png\" alt=\"LOve blue green and orange by Robert Indiana \" class=\"wp-image-225720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Love-1967-1.png 325w, https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Love-1967-1-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Love-1967-1-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 325px) 100vw, 325px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW215313173 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW215313173 BCX8\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"EOP SCXW5583456 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:2,&quot;335551620&quot;:2,&quot;335559731&quot;:0}\">&nbsp;<\/span>Robert Indiana,<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> LOVE<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, 1967, color screenprint on paper, 86.3 x 86.3 cm, MoMA<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:2,&quot;335551620&quot;:2,&quot;335559731&quot;:0}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"TextRun SCXW215313173 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW215313173 BCX8\">This work was then translated into <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW215313173 BCX8\">various colors<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW215313173 BCX8\">, techniques, and media.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW215313173 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559731&quot;:0}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>What is striking about this series is the execution of the typography, the stacking arrangement of the letters &#8220;L&#8221; and &#8220;O&#8221; on top of &#8220;V&#8221; and &#8220;E,&#8221; as well as the rightward tilt of the letter &#8220;O,&#8221; which gives the composition its dynamism. The vivid color scheme is part of the &#8220;Swinging Sixties&#8221; period. The universal and emotional meaning of the word &#8220;love&#8221; lends a cultural dimension due to the social changes of the time, the Vietnam War (1955-1975), the Civil Rights Movement, etc. A timeless and universal dimension must be considered. This is evident in the international versions produced in Hebrew,Spanish, and Chinese, for example. The original editions are authenticated by the artist&#8217;s signature and numbering. The prints sold at auction sometimes reach particularly high prices, sometimes exceeding $50,000. The United States Postal Service even issued an 8-cent stamp in 1973 bearing this design.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Inspired by commercial art, the visual language of American culture, and even road signs, Robert Indiana became a true icon, sometimes a victim of his own success. The artist had to take legal action to protect his intellectual property rights, as unauthorized copies were widely distributed. It&#8217;s worth questioning the balance between his private life, his adoption at a young age, and his creations. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The artist passed away seven years ago, on May 19, 2018. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>7 years after his death, Museum TV pays tribute to him and invites you to learn more about the different currents of Contemporary Art on our video-on-demand platform <a href=\"http:\/\/my.museumtv.art\/\">my.museumtv.art<\/a> as well as by watching <a href=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/en\/\">Museum TV<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>7 years after his death, Museum TV revisits the work of Robert Indiana, internationally renowned for his sculpture \u201cLove\u201d, whose location has become a must-see New York tourist attraction for all lovers. Robert Clark, known as Robert Indiana, was born on September 13, 1928, in New Castle, Indiana. This artist, considered a leader of the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":104,"featured_media":225716,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1938],"tags":[],"group":[547],"support":[12],"class_list":["post-225722","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","group-portraits","support-artiste"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Tribute to Robert Indiana - Museum TV<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Iconic Pop Art artist Robert Indiana, associated with the Hard Edge painting movement, passed away 7 years ago.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.museumtv.art\/en\/artnews\/artistes\/tribute-to-robert-indiana\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tribute to Robert Indiana - 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